Examining my own photograph of the alternator, I noticed something trapped in between the engine undertray and the engine itself (second circle in the pic below), so I just went to the garage, full of hope, to check what that is...

I can't believe my luck!

The locking bolt wasn't there though, so I just grabbed another one from my box of bolts, matching the adjuster block's thread. Everything is back in place now and the squealing in gone!
Gotta love problems that get sorted by themselves.
